本文深入解析JavaScript中正则表达式与递归函数的实际应用。通过斐波那契数列代码演示递归逻辑,并详细列举数字、用户名、密码及URL等场景的正则校验规则,帮助开发者掌握前端数据验证与算法实现的核心技巧。
递归函数与斐波那契数列实现
在JavaScript开发中,递归函数是处理具有自相似结构问题的常用手段。以菲波那契数列为例,该数列特征为前两项分别为0和1,后续每一项均为前两项之和(如0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5...)。实现时,当索引i为0时返回0,i为1时返回1,否则递归调用自身计算sl(i-1)与sl(i-2)之和。
接下来通过具体代码片段展示上述递归逻辑的实现细节。
一组数字:0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
sl(0)=0;
sl(1)=1;
sl(2)=sl(0)+sl(1);
sl(3)=sl(1)+sl(2);
function sl(i){
if(i==0){
return 0;
}else if(i==1){
return 1;
}else{
return sl(i-1)+sl(i-2);
}
}
正则表达式在字符串校验中的应用
正则表达式在JavaScript中主要用于字符串模式的匹配与校验。常见的应用场景包括验证输入是否仅包含数字,或检查登录名是否符合特定格式(如以字母开头、长度5-20位、允许包含数字及下划线等)。此外,还需校验用户姓名是否仅由字母组成且长度在1-30位之间。
//校验是否全由数字组成
function isDigit(s)
{
var patrn=/^[0-9]{1,20}$/;
if (!patrn.exec(s)) return false
return true
}
//校验登录名:只能输入5-20个以字母开头、可带数字、“_”、“.”的字串
function isRegisterUserName(s)
{
var patrn=/^[a-zA-Z]{1}([a-zA-Z0-9]|[._]){4,19}$/;
if (!patrn.exec(s)) return false
return true
}
//校验用户姓名:只能输入1-30个以字母开头的字串
function isTrueName(s)
{
var patrn=/^[a-zA-Z]{1,30}$/;
if (!patrn.exec(s)) return false
return true
}
//校验密码:只能输入6-20个字母、数字、下划线
function isPasswd(s)
{
var patrn=/^(\w){6,20}$/;
if (!patrn.exec(s)) return false
return true
}
//校验普通电话、传真号码:可以“+”开头,除数字外,可含有“-”
function isTel(s)
{
//var patrn=/^[+]{0,1}(\d){1,3}[ ]?([-]?(\d){1,12})+$/;
var patrn=/^[+]{0,1}(\d){1,3}[ ]?([-]?((\d)|[ ]){1,12})+$/;
if (!patrn.exec(s)) return false
return true
}
//校验手机号码:必须以数字开头,除数字外,可含有“-”
function isMobil(s)
{
var patrn=/^[+]{0,1}(\d){1,3}[ ]?([-]?((\d)|[ ]){1,12})+$/;
if (!patrn.exec(s)) return false
return true
}
//校验邮政编码
function isPostalCode(s)
{
//var patrn=/^[a-zA-Z0-9]{3,12}$/;
var patrn=/^[a-zA-Z0-9 ]{3,12}$/;
if (!patrn.exec(s)) return false
return true
}
//校验搜索关键字
function isSearch(s)
{
var patrn=/^[^`~!@#$%^&*()+=|\\\][\]\{\}:;\'\,.<>/?]{1}[^`~!@$%^&()+=|\\\][\]\{\}:;\'\,.<>?]{0,19}$/;
if (!patrn.exec(s)) return false
return true
}
function isIP(s) //by zergling
{
var patrn=/^[0-9.]{1,20}$/;
if (!patrn.exec(s)) return false
return true
}
* FUNCTION: isBetween
* PARAMETERS: val AS any value
* lo AS Lower limit to check
* hi AS Higher limit to check
* CALLS: NOTHING
* RETURNS: TRUE if val is between lo and hi both inclusive, otherwise false.
function isBetween (val, lo, hi) {
if ((val < lo) || (val > hi)) { return(false); }
else { return(true); }
}
* FUNCTION: isDate checks a valid date
* PARAMETERS: theStr AS String
* CALLS: isBetween, isInt
* RETURNS: TRUE if theStr is a valid date otherwise false.
function isDate (theStr) {
var the1st = theStr.indexOf('-');
var the2nd = theStr.lastIndexOf('-');
if (the1st == the2nd) { return(false); }
else {
var y = theStr.substring(0,the1st);
var m = theStr.substring(the1st+1,the2nd);
var d = theStr.substring(the2nd+1,theStr.length);
var maxDays = 31;
if (isInt(m)==false || isInt(d)==false || isInt(y)==false) {
return(false); }
else if (y.length < 4) { return(false); }
else if (!isBetween (m, 1, 12)) { return(false); }
else if (m==4 || m==6 || m==9 || m==11) maxDays = 30;
else if (m==2) {
if (y % 4 > 0) maxDays = 28;
else if (y % 100 == 0 && y % 400 > 0) maxDays = 28;
else maxDays = 29;
}
if (isBetween(d, 1, maxDays) == false) { return(false); }
else { return(true); }
}
}
* FUNCTION: isEuDate checks a valid date in British format
* PARAMETERS: theStr AS String
* CALLS: isBetween, isInt
* RETURNS: TRUE if theStr is a valid date otherwise false.
function isEuDate (theStr) {
if (isBetween(theStr.length, 8, 10) == false) { return(false); }
else {
var the1st = theStr.indexOf('/');
var the2nd = theStr.lastIndexOf('/');
if (the1st == the2nd) { return(false); }
else {
var m = theStr.substring(the1st+1,the2nd);
var d = theStr.substring(0,the1st);
var y = theStr.substring(the2nd+1,theStr.length);
var maxDays = 31;
if (isInt(m)==false || isInt(d)==false || isInt(y)==false) {
return(false); }
else if (y.length < 4) { return(false); }
else if (isBetween (m, 1, 12) == false) { return(false); }
else if (m==4 || m==6 || m==9 || m==11) maxDays = 30;
else if (m==2) {
if (y % 4 > 0) maxDays = 28;
else if (y % 100 == 0 && y % 400 > 0) maxDays = 28;
else maxDays = 29;
}
if (isBetween(d, 1, maxDays) == false) { return(false); }
else { return(true); }
}
}
}
* FUNCTION: Compare Date! Which is the latest!
* PARAMETERS: lessDate,moreDate AS String
* CALLS: isDate,isBetween
* RETURNS: TRUE if lessDate<moreDate
function isComdate (lessDate , moreDate)
{
if (!isDate(lessDate)) { return(false);}
if (!isDate(moreDate)) { return(false);}
var less1st = lessDate.indexOf('-');
var less2nd = lessDate.lastIndexOf('-');
var more1st = moreDate.indexOf('-');
var more2nd = moreDate.lastIndexOf('-');
var lessy = lessDate.substring(0,less1st);
var lessm = lessDate.substring(less1st+1,less2nd);
var lessd = lessDate.substring(less2nd+1,lessDate.length);
var morey = moreDate.substring(0,more1st);
var morem = moreDate.substring(more1st+1,more2nd);
var mored = moreDate.substring(more2nd+1,moreDate.length);
var Date1 = new Date(lessy,lessm,lessd);
var Date2 = new Date(morey,morem,mored);
if (Date1>Date2) { return(false);}
return(true);
}
* FUNCTION isEmpty checks if the parameter is empty or null
* PARAMETER str AS String
function isEmpty (str) {
if ((str==null)||(str.length==0)) return true;
else return(false);
}
* FUNCTION: isInt
* PARAMETER: theStr AS String
* RETURNS: TRUE if the passed parameter is an integer, otherwise FALSE
* CALLS: isDigit
function isInt (theStr) {
var flag = true;
if (isEmpty(theStr)) { flag=false; }
else
{ for (var i=0; i<theStr.length; i++) {
if (isDigit(theStr.substring(i,i+1)) == false) {
flag = false; break;
}
}
}
return(flag);
}
* FUNCTION: isReal
* PARAMETER: heStr AS String
decLen AS Integer (how many digits after period)
* RETURNS: TRUE if theStr is a float, otherwise FALSE
* CALLS: isInt
function isReal (theStr, decLen) {
var dot1st = theStr.indexOf('.');
var dot2nd = theStr.lastIndexOf('.');
var OK = true;
if (isEmpty(theStr)) return false;
if (dot1st == -1) {
if (!isInt(theStr)) return(false);
else return(true);
}
else if (dot1st != dot2nd) return (false);
else if (dot1st==0) return (false);
else {
var intPart = theStr.substring(0, dot1st);
var decPart = theStr.substring(dot2nd+1);
if (decPart.length > decLen) return(false);
else if (!isInt(intPart) || !isInt(decPart)) return (false);
else if (isEmpty(decPart)) return (false);
else return(true);
}
}
* FUNCTION: isEmail
* PARAMETER: String (Email Address)
* RETURNS: TRUE if the String is a valid Email address
* FALSE if the passed string is not a valid Email Address
* EMAIL FORMAT: AnyName@EmailServer e.g; webmaster@hotmail.com
* @ sign can appear only once in the email address.
function isEmail (theStr) {
var atIndex = theStr.indexOf('@');
var dotIndex = theStr.indexOf('.', atIndex);
var flag = true;
theSub = theStr.substring(0, dotIndex+1)
if ((atIndex < 1)||(atIndex != theStr.lastIndexOf('@'))||(dotIndex < atIndex + 2)||(theStr.length <= theSub.length))
{ return(false); }
else { return(true); }
}
* FUNCTION: newWindow
* PARAMETERS: doc -> Document to open in the new window
hite -> Height of the new window
wide -> Width of the new window
bars -> 1-Scroll bars = YES 0-Scroll Bars = NO
resize -> 1-Resizable = YES 0-Resizable = NO
* CALLS: NONE
* RETURNS: New window instance
function newWindow (doc, hite, wide, bars, resize) {
var winNew="_blank";
var opt="toolbar=0,location=0,directories=0,status=0,menubar=0,";
opt+=("scrollbars="+bars+",");
opt+=("resizable="+resize+",");
opt+=("width="+wide+",");
opt+=("height="+hite);
winHandle=window.open(doc,winNew,opt);
return;
}
* FUNCTION: DecimalFormat
* PARAMETERS: paramValue -> Field value
* CALLS: NONE
* RETURNS: Formated string
function DecimalFormat (paramValue) {
var intPart = parseInt(paramValue);
var decPart =parseFloat(paramValue) - intPart;
str = "";
if ((decPart == 0) || (decPart == null)) str += (intPart + ".00");
else str += (intPart + decPart);
return (str);
}
复杂格式与网络地址的正则匹配
除了基础校验,正则表达式还广泛用于定义各类数值格式与网络资源地址。例如,区分正整数、负整数、浮点数及其非正/非负变体;验证由数字、字母或下划线组成的字符串;校验电子邮件地址格式;以及匹配以http或https开头的URL地址。这些规则构成了前端数据清洗的基础。
"^\\d+$" //非负整数(正整数 + 0)
"^[0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*$" //正整数
"^((-\\d+)|(0+))$" //非正整数(负整数 + 0)
"^-[0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*$" //负整数
"^-?\\d+$" //整数
"^\\d+(\\.\\d+)?$" //非负浮点数(正浮点数 + 0)
"^(([0-9]+\\.[0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*)|([0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*\\.[0-9]+)|([0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*))$" //正浮点数
"^((-\\d+(\\.\\d+)?)|(0+(\\.0+)?))$" //非正浮点数(负浮点数 + 0)
"^(-(([0-9]+\\.[0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*)|([0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*\\.[0-9]+)|([0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*)))$" //负浮点数
"^(-?\\d+)(\\.\\d+)?$" //浮点数
"^[A-Za-z]+$" //由26个英文字母组成的字符串
"^[A-Z]+$" //由26个英文字母的大写组成的字符串
"^[a-z]+$" //由26个英文字母的小写组成的字符串
"^[A-Za-z0-9]+$" //由数字和26个英文字母组成的字符串
"^\\w+$" //由数字、26个英文字母或者下划线组成的字符串
"^[\\w-]+(\\.[\\w-]+)*@[\\w-]+(\\.[\\w-]+)+$" //email地址
"^[a-zA-z]+://(\\w+(-\\w+)*)(\\.(\\w+(-\\w+)*))*(\\?\\S*)?$" //url
递归函数的其他应用场景与注意事项
递归函数的应用不仅限于数列计算,还可用于解决树形结构遍历、文件目录查找等问题。其核心在于将大问题分解为规模更小的相同子问题,直至达到基准条件。在实际工程中,需注意递归深度限制以避免栈溢出,必要时可改用迭代方式优化性能。
技术总结
综上所述,正则表达式与递归函数是JavaScript中处理文本验证与复杂逻辑的两个重要工具。正则表达式提供了高效的数据格式校验能力,而递归函数则简化了具有层级或重复特征的计算任务。掌握这两项技术,能显著提升代码的健壮性与可维护性。
以上为JavaScript正则表达式校验与递归函数的实际应用解析,旨在为开发者提供实用参考。若有任何疑问或补充,欢迎留言交流,我们将及时回复。感谢支持!