Oracle不同权限下获取表视图字段的SQL整理

在 Oracle 数据库的日常运维中，获取表、视图及其字段信息属于基础且高频的操作。由于权限级别不同，可访问的数据字典视图存在差异，对应的 SQL 语句也有所不同。以下整理了几种常见场景下的查询语句，同时覆盖 DBA 权限与普通用户权限，便于按需选用。

1. Oracle获取表sql

1.1 有DBA权限获取方式

select distinct TABLE_NAME from dba_tables where OWNER ='库名' and  owner NOT IN ('SYS','SYSTEM','OUTLN','XDB','WMSYS','CTXSYS','MDSYS')

1.2 普通权限获取方式

select distinct TABLE_NAME from all_tables where OWNER ='库名' and  owner NOT IN ('SYS','SYSTEM','OUTLN','XDB','WMSYS','CTXSYS','MDSYS')

2. Oracle获取表字段sql

2.1 有DBA权限获取方式

SELECT UPPER(T.TABLE_NAME),NVL(cc.comments, ''),C.COLUMN_NAME,CC.COMMENTS,C.DATA_TYPE,C.DATA_LENGTH,C.DATA_PRECISION,C.DATA_SCALE ,NULLABLE,CASE WHEN PK.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'P' THEN 'y'  ELSE 'n'  END FROM DBA_tables T JOIN DBA_TAB_COLUMNS C ON T.TABLE_NAME = C.TABLE_NAME AND T.OWNER = C.OWNER LEFT JOIN DBA_COL_COMMENTS CC ON C.OWNER = CC.OWNER AND C.TABLE_NAME = CC.TABLE_NAME AND C.COLUMN_NAME = CC.COLUMN_NAME LEFT JOIN     (SELECT CONS.TABLE_NAME, CONS.OWNER, COLS.COLUMN_NAME, CONS.CONSTRAINT_TYPE     FROM DBA_CONSTRAINTS CONS      JOIN DBA_CONS_COLUMNS COLS ON CONS.CONSTRAINT_NAME = COLS.CONSTRAINT_NAME      WHERE CONS.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'P'    ) PK ON C.OWNER = PK.OWNER AND C.TABLE_NAME = PK.TABLE_NAME AND C.COLUMN_NAME = PK.COLUMN_NAME    where UPPER(T.TABLE_NAME) in ( 逗号分隔的表名 ) and t.OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'OUTLN', 'XDB', 'WMSYS', 'CTXSYS', 'MDSYS') ORDER BY T.TABLE_NAME, C.COLUMN_ID

2.2 普通权限获取方式

SELECT UPPER(T.TABLE_NAME),NVL(cc.comments, ''),C.COLUMN_NAME,CC.COMMENTS,C.DATA_TYPE,C.DATA_LENGTH,C.DATA_PRECISION,C.DATA_SCALE ,NULLABLE,CASE WHEN PK.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'P' THEN 'y'  ELSE 'n'  END FROM all_tables T JOIN ALL_TAB_COLUMNS C ON T.TABLE_NAME = C.TABLE_NAME AND T.OWNER = C.OWNER LEFT JOIN ALL_COL_COMMENTS CC ON C.OWNER = CC.OWNER AND C.TABLE_NAME = CC.TABLE_NAME AND C.COLUMN_NAME = CC.COLUMN_NAME LEFT JOIN     (SELECT CONS.TABLE_NAME, CONS.OWNER, COLS.COLUMN_NAME, CONS.CONSTRAINT_TYPE     FROM ALL_CONSTRAINTS CONS      JOIN ALL_CONS_COLUMNS COLS ON CONS.CONSTRAINT_NAME = COLS.CONSTRAINT_NAME      WHERE CONS.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'P'    ) PK ON C.OWNER = PK.OWNER AND C.TABLE_NAME = PK.TABLE_NAME AND C.COLUMN_NAME = PK.COLUMN_NAME    where UPPER(T.TABLE_NAME) in ( 逗号分隔的表名 ) and t.OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'OUTLN', 'XDB', 'WMSYS', 'CTXSYS', 'MDSYS') ORDER BY T.TABLE_NAME, C.COLUMN_ID

3. Oracle获取视图sql

3.1 有DBA权限获取方式

select distinct view_name from all_views where owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM','OUTLN','XDB','WMSYS','CTXSYS','MDSYS') and OWNER ='库名';

3.2 普通权限获取方式

select distinct view_name from all_views where owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM','OUTLN','XDB','WMSYS','CTXSYS','MDSYS') and OWNER ='库名';

4. Oracle获取视图字段sql

4.1 有DBA权限获取方式

SELECT c.table_name AS view_name, NVL ( cm.comments, '' ) AS cmt, c.column_name, cm.comments, c.data_type, c.data_length, c.data_precision, c.data_scale, c.nullable,  'n' AS is_primary_key FROM dba_tab_columns c LEFT JOIN dba_col_comments cm ON c.OWNER = cm.OWNER AND c.table_name = cm.table_name AND c.column_name = cm.column_name WHERE c.OWNER = '库名' AND c.table_name IN ( 逗号分隔的表名 )ORDER BY c.table_name,c.column_id 

4.2 普通权限获取方式

SELECT c.table_name AS view_name, NVL ( cm.comments, '' ) AS cmt, c.column_name, cm.comments, c.data_type, c.data_length, c.data_precision, c.data_scale, c.nullable,  'n' AS is_primary_key FROM all_tab_columns c LEFT JOIN all_col_comments cm ON c.OWNER = cm.OWNER AND c.table_name = cm.table_name AND c.column_name = cm.column_name WHERE c.OWNER = '库名' AND c.table_name IN ( 逗号分隔的表名 )ORDER BY c.table_name,c.column_id 

以上内容汇总了 Oracle 不同权限下获取表、视图及字段信息的 SQL 语句。实际使用时请替换库名和表名列表，并根据自身权限选择对应的数据字典视图。